There is a lump that gradually appears in the abdominal or groin area, feels uncomfortable during activities, yet is often considered harmless and left untreated. Many people choose to wait and hope that the lump will disappear on its own. However, the longer it is ignored, the greater the risk becomes.
A hernia is a medical condition that is far more serious than just an ordinary lump. If not treated properly and at the right time, a hernia can develop into life-threatening complications. Understanding this condition early is the first step towards safe treatment and optimal recovery.
What Is a Hernia?
A hernia occurs when tissue or an internal organ protrudes through a weak area or opening in the muscle wall or connective tissue that is supposed to hold it in place, most commonly involving intestinal tissue. This condition does not always cause pain in its early stages, which means it can easily be overlooked. However, over time, an untreated hernia can become larger, cause increasingly intense pain, and potentially lead to serious complications requiring emergency surgery.
General Surgeon at Bethsaida Hospital Serang, dr. Leo Fajar Sp. B, explains, “A hernia will not heal on its own. There is no medication, herbal remedy, or corset that can permanently return the protruding tissue back to its original position. The only definitive and curative treatment is surgery. The sooner it is treated, the easier the process will be and the lower the risks.”
Types of Hernia
- Inguinal Hernia (Groin Hernia)
This is the most common type of hernia, especially among men. It occurs when the intestine or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak area in the groin. Men are more likely to experience this condition than women due to the presence of the inguinal canal, which serves as the pathway for the descent of the testicles. - Umbilical Hernia (Navel Hernia)
This occurs when tissue protrudes through the abdominal wall around the navel. It is commonly found in newborns, but can also occur in adults, especially women who have experienced multiple pregnancies or individuals with obesity. - Femoral Hernia
This type occurs more frequently in women. Tissue protrudes through the femoral canal located in the upper inner thigh area. This type has a higher risk of complications because the narrow opening can trap the intestine more easily. - Incisional Hernia
This occurs at the site of a previous abdominal surgery scar. Scar tissue from surgery can become a weak point that allows internal organs to protrude, especially when there is excessive tension or incomplete healing. - Hiatal Hernia
This occurs when the upper part of the stomach moves upwards through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. Unlike other types of hernia, this condition does not appear as an external lump but often causes symptoms such as acid reflux and chest pain.
Risk Factors and Causes
A hernia can occur in anyone, but several factors can significantly increase the risk of developing this condition:
- Male sex, especially for inguinal hernias, due to anatomical differences in the inguinal canal.
- Repeated pregnancies, which can progressively weaken the abdominal wall muscles.
- A previous history of hernia or a family history of hernia.
- Occupations or activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, usually associated with routinely lifting heavy objects.
- Obesity, due to excessive pressure from visceral fat on the abdominal wall.
- Chronic constipation, where repeated straining increases intra-abdominal pressure.
- Chronic coughing, such as in smokers or patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Symptoms That Should Be Watched For
Symptoms of a hernia vary depending on the type, but the following signs should be considered:
- A visible or palpable lump in the abdomen, groin, or navel area, which is often more noticeable when standing, coughing, or straining.
- Discomfort or mild pain around the lump that worsens when bending, coughing, or lifting heavy objects.
- A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the groin area.
- In cases of a hiatal hernia, a burning sensation in the chest, acid regurgitation, or difficulty swallowing.
Treatment Without Major Open Surgery
Surgery is the only way to permanently repair a hernia. At Bethsaida Hospital Serang, minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures are available.
In laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon creates three to four small openings in the abdomen, each approximately one centimetre in size. A small camera (laparoscope) is inserted to provide visual guidance, and the protruding tissue is returned to its proper position and reinforced with medical mesh through these small openings.
“Laparoscopy is not only about smaller scars. More importantly, better visualization allows us to repair the hernia with greater precision, place the mesh more accurately, and ultimately provide better long-term outcomes for patients.” explained dr. Leo Sp. B.
General Surgery Services at Bethsaida Hospital Serang
Bethsaida Hospital Serang provides comprehensive general surgery services supported by modern operating facilities and experienced general surgeons. Laparoscopic procedures are available as a more comfortable hernia treatment option with a shorter recovery period.
Director of Bethsaida Hospital Serang, dr. Tirta Mulya, also stated, “We understand that deciding to undergo surgery is not an easy decision. That is why at Bethsaida Hospital Serang, every patient will receive complete, comprehensive, and transparent explanations regarding their condition before deciding on the next step. We are here not only as a place for treatment, but also as a partner throughout your health journey.”