Rising temperatures and hot weather during the dry season accelerate the loss of body fluids through excessive sweating. This condition often goes unnoticed until the body reaches a threshold of dehydration that can gradually disrupt the function of vital organs. Water is the main component of human body cells and tissues and must be consistently replenished every day.
Daily Water Intake Requirements
Based on guidelines from the Indonesian Urological Association, adults are advised to consume fluids with a target urine output of 2.5 litres per day. This means the total amount of water intake should exceed that target, ranging between 2.5–3 litres per day. Of course, increased fluid needs can also be influenced by other factors such as activity level, exercise, illness (such as fever or diarrhoea), and hot weather. Make sure to drink regularly in small but frequent portions to maintain stable hydration throughout the day.
A lack of adequate water intake can reduce blood volume and disrupt electrolyte balance, which is crucial for heart and brain function. Maintaining hydration is not just about relieving thirst—it is a way to ensure that the body’s metabolic system continues to function optimally under intense heat exposure.
“Additionally, insufficient fluid intake can cause metabolic waste to settle in the urinary tract and trigger the formation of kidney stones,” said dr. Syifa Fauziah Fadhly, BMedSci, Sp.U, a Urology Specialist at Bethsaida Hospital Serang.
Key Benefits of Water for the Body
Water is one of the most important components of our body, making up about 60% of total body composition:
- Forms Saliva and Mucus
Water helps produce saliva to aid digestion. It also maintains moisture in the nose, mouth, and eyes to prevent irritation caused by dryness. - Circulates Oxygen
Blood contains a large amount of water, which functions as the main carrier of oxygen throughout the body. Water ensures oxygen supply reaches all cells smoothly, preventing fatigue during hot weather. - Protects Sensitive Tissues
Body fluids act as protective cushions for the brain and spinal cord. Water helps maintain tissue structure against physical impact. Adequate hydration ensures the nervous system functions optimally. - Supports Nutrient Absorption
Water dissolves vitamins and minerals for optimal absorption in the intestines. These nutrients are then distributed throughout the body and processed into energy. A well-hydrated body gains full benefits from consumed food. - Maintains Blood Pressure
Dehydration can cause blood to become thicker, increasing blood pressure as the heart works harder. Adequate water intake helps keep blood flow stable. - Eliminates Metabolic Waste
Water is essential for removing toxins through sweat and urine. This process prevents the build-up of harmful substances in body tissues, making the body feel fresher and fitter.
Signs of Dehydration
- Dark or Cloudy Urine
Healthy urine is clear or light yellow. Dark yellow or concentrated urine is a clear sign of dehydration. - Dry Mouth and Skin
A dry mouth, chapped lips, and reduced skin elasticity are indicators of dehydration. - Dizziness and Headache
These symptoms can make it difficult to concentrate due to insufficient oxygen and fluid supply to the brain.
Long-Term Risks of Dehydration
Ignoring hydration needs over a long period can lead to permanent damage to various internal body systems. Here are some serious health risks to watch out for:
- Kidney Stones
Water dissolves minerals in urine before they are excreted. Lack of fluids causes these minerals to crystallise and form stones in the kidneys, potentially blocking the urinary tract and causing pain or discomfort in the lower back. - Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Adequate urine flow helps flush bacteria out of the urinary system naturally. Dehydration allows bacteria to remain longer and multiply in the bladder, leading to inflammation marked by pain during urination. - Chronic Kidney Failure
The kidneys work harder to filter blood when fluid volume drops drastically. Repeated strain gradually damages the kidney’s filtering units permanently. If prolonged, it can result in total loss of organ function. - Blood Pressure Disorders
Dehydration reduces blood volume, forcing the heart to pump harder. This imbalance can cause extreme fluctuations in blood pressure and damage blood vessel walls, increasing the risk of heart attack. - Chronic Constipation
The large intestine absorbs excess water from food waste during dehydration, causing stools to become hard and difficult to pass. Prolonged constipation can lead to injuries and chronic haemorrhoids.
“I often treat patients with urinary tract infections caused by inadequate water intake or frequently holding in urination. Symptoms such as lower back pain or cloudy urine should be evaluated and examined further,” explained dr. Syifa.
If you experience persistent urinary tract symptoms, it is important to undergo a thorough medical examination. You can consult directly with dr. Syifa Fauziah Fadhly, BMedSci, Sp.U at the Urology Center of Bethsaida Hospital Serang, which provides specialised urology services to assist patients in the Serang Regency area and surrounding regions.
“Bethsaida Hospital Serang has a leading Urology Center that can handle various urinary tract conditions. Our team of specialists provides intensive care supported by comprehensive medical facilities to ensure every patient receives professional and complete healthcare services,” explained dr. Tirta Mulya, Director of Bethsaida Hospital Serang.
Our professional medical team will support your recovery process intensively with high medical service standards at Bethsaida Hospital Serang. Keep your internal organs healthy by taking preventive measures as early as possible!